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Ascorbic Acid: People taking vitamin C may have large amounts of ascorbic acid in their urine. Ascorbic acid is known to interfere with the accuracy of some chemical test strips, causing them to be falsely low or falsely negative. Examples of tests that may be affected include the urine dipstick tests for glucose, blood, bilirubin, nitrite, and glucose.
Blood: Blood in the urine is called hematuria. A number of things can cause hematuria including UTI, Kidney infection, medication, menstruation, strenuous exercise.
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Expected result: Negative
Bilirubin: The detection of Bilirubin in the urine is an early indication of liver disease. Bilirubin is the breakdown product of hemoglobin. Note: These two parameters (Urobilinogen and Bilirubin) are commonly used to screen for possible liver disease.
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Expected Result: negative
Urobilinogen: the presence of excreted urobilinogen suggests a possible deterioration of liver functions. Urobilinogen is the breakdown product of bilirubin.
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Expected result: less than 17 µmol/l (< 1mg/dl)
Ketone: The control of urinary ketone is useful in managing and monitoring type 1 diabetes.
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Expected Result: negative
Glucose: Glucose in the urine could indicate diabetes or renal glycosuria.
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Expected Result: negative
Note: These two parameters are commonly used to screen for possible metabolic disorders
Protein: This test is usually run to screen for kidney disease. Protein in the urine is called Proteinuria.
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Expected Result: negative
Nitrite: Screening for possible asymptomatic infections caused by nitrate-reducing bacteria – Suggesting a possible UTI. Note: These two parameters (Leukocytes and Nitrite) are commonly used to screen for possible Urinary Tract Infection (UTI).
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Expected Result: negative
Leukocytes: The detection of white blood cells in the urine suggests a possible UTI.
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Expected Result: negative
pH: Measures the acidity in your urine which may be a sign of kidney stones. Your pH varies during the day going from more acid in the am to more alkaline in the pm.
Specific Gravity: Evaluates the body’s water balance (hydration) and urine concentration and helps evaluate kidney functions and possible kidney diseases.
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Expected Results: low at 1,000 but normal ranges from 1.020 to 1.030
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